Explanation

Passage for Reading & Comprehension

Accidents are common these days, especially road accidents. There are some reasons why these accidents happen and cause injury or damage. Many people are killed or seriously injured in these accidents. One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers. There are road safety rules that most people do not follow, and that is why accidents take place every day and everywhere.

According to the latest information, all those who use the roads are responsible for accidents. They include pedestrians, truck and bus drivers. Motorcyclists drive very fast without using helmets to protect their heads. Some of them perform dangerous and difficult stunts. Children play in the streets and in this way, they invite dangers and often get hurt. Sometimes they risk their lives while playing dangerous sports. Some dirty little street urchins run after moving vehicles just for fun. Some naughty children run in front of moving vehicles. Some people cross busy roads just to gain a few split seconds. School children cross roads in a hurry from the wrong side. All these foolish, hasty movements often cause accidents.

However, there are some suitable measures through which bad accidents can be averted. Of them, safety factors are most important. They include certain plans. The media can give people road safety instructions. Local police can impart knowledge about traffic-safe travel, hazard-free driving, and risk-free rides.

In this regard, parents can play an important role and save their children’s lives by advising them not to endanger their lives on busy roads and in or at places exposed to danger. They must not allow their children to drive without a driving license. Moreover, they should advise them on road safety rules, traffic rules, and safe driving.

Comprehension Questions:

1. The first paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______?

Road traffic accidents

2. The second paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______?

Major reasons why accidents occur

3. The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______?

Safety factors that can make roads safe for use

4. The last (fourth) paragraph of the passage, containing some pieces of advice for parents, conveys an ______ sense of safety of families.

Instructive

5. Style of writing or mode of communication in which the above passage has been composed is ______?

Expository

Synonyms:

6. Many people are killed or seriously injured in these accidents.

Critically means تنقیدی طور پر

Seriously means سنجیدگی سے

7. One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.

Drowsy means غنودگی

Sleepy means نیند

8. According to the latest information, all those who use roads are responsible for accidents.

The most recent means سب سے حالیہ

The latest means تازہ ترین

9. Some naughty children run in front of moving vehicles.

Mischievous means شرارتی

Naughty means شرارتی

10. However, there are some suitable measures through which bad accidents can be averted.

Avoided means گریز کیا

Averted means ٹال گیا

Antonyms:

11. Motorcyclists drive very fast without using helmets to protect their heads.

With means کے ساتھ

Without means بغیر

12. Children play in the streets and in this way they invite dangers.

Avert means ٹالو

Invite means دعوت دیں

13. Some people cross busy roads just to gain a few split seconds.

Clear means صاف

Busy means مصروف

14. All these hasty movements often cause accidents.

Deliberate means جان بوجھ کر

Hasty means جلد بازی

15. Of them, safety factors are most important.

Least important means کم سے کم اہم

Most important means سب سے اہم

Explanation

Passage

Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) knew that goodwill and all the actions of people were necessary for an Islamic state. Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) knew tolerance was necessary to bring different communities together. With all these objectives in mind, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) drafted a charter which is generally known as the Medina Charter.

1. The first sentence of the paragraph is in _____?

Past Tense

2. Communities is a/n ____?

Noun

3. Necessary is a/n _____?

Adjective 

Explanation

Passage

In order to establish photography as an art, members of the Aesthetic Movement modeled their work on classical paintings. As the movement gained in popularity, photographers made a clear distinction between the artistic photography that conformed to the aesthetic standard used for paintings and the work of more realistic photographers that was beginning to appear. Since they were cloudy because of the gum bichromate plate that allowed for manual intervention, the aesthetic prints were easily distinguished from the more modern prints, which came to be called straightforward photographs. In contrast, the straightforward photographers produced images that were sharp and clear. The philosophy that surrounded the new photography rejected manipulation of either the subject matter or the print. The subjects included nature in its undisturbed state and people in everyday situations.

A number of major exhibitions and the formation of photographic clubs during the late nineteenth century provided the impetus for the Photo-Secession Movement. Photo-Secession had as its proposition the promotion of straightforward photography through exhibits and publications. One of the publications, Camera Work, has been recognized among the most beautiful journals ever produced. By the 1920s, the mechanical precision that had once been rejected as a defect by members of the Aesthetic Movement had been become a hallmark of modern photography. Chiefly through the efforts of Stieglitz, modern photography had seceded from painting and emerged as a legitimate art form.

1. How can earlier photographs be distinguished from more modern photographs?

They were not as clear

2. The Photo-Secession Movement is described as including all of the following Except?

Manipulation of prints

3. The word Defect is closest in meaning to _____?

Imperfection

Explanation

Passage

On the way each tree and bush, each stone and spring reminded him of Arshak’s childhood. Many were the times that he carried the child up the steep path on his back. He would sit down to rest on this stone. Navasard would give Arshak a pear and would wipe his nose with the hem of his long jacket.

1. The first sentence of the passage is in _____?

Past tense

2. Stone is a/an _____?

Noun

3. Wipe is a/an ____?

Verb

4. Carried is the ______ form of carry.

Past

5. To and on are _____?

Prepositions

Explanation

Passage

Last night I was reading a book about the scientific inventions and discoveries made by the scientists in the last one hundred years. These inventions include radio, TV, telephone, electricity, jet engines, rockets, aeroplanes, tanks, atom bomb, computer and the conkest of the moon. I wondered what the world will look like before one hundred years. With these thoughts in mind, I went to sleep and found myself in the world of dreams.

I enters a new world. It was full of shining stars and planets. Their was also many spaceships. They were travelling from one planet for another, and from star to star. They had artificial of cylinders oxygen. I happened to visit Jupiter, the Mars, the Saturn, Uranus and the Pluto. Many human beings were settled on these planets. They had been living on those planets with the help of many electronic machines.

1. These inventions include radio, TV, telephone, electricity, jet engines, rockets, aeroplanes, tanks, atom bomb, computer and the _____ of the moon.

Conquest

2. I wondered what the world will look like _____ one hundred years.

After

3. I _____ a new world.

Entered

4. _____ also many spaceships.

There were

5. They were traveling from one planet _____ another, and from star to star.

To

6. The correct form of the sentence: They had artificial of cylinders oxygen is _____?

They had cylinders of artificial oxygen.

Explanation

Passage

The strong efforts to gain equality for women in the scientific workplace began to show results in the last quarter of the twentieth century: women have secured positions as research scientists and won recognition and promotion within their fields. Though the modern struggle for equality in scientific fields is the same in many ways as it was in the early part of the century, it is also different. The woman who first began undertaking careers in science had little support from any part of the society in which they lived. This vanguard had to struggle alone against the social conditioning they had received as women members of that society and against the male-dominated scientific community.

Women scientific researchers made a seemingly auspicious beginning. In the first quarter of the twentieth century, some women scientists who engaged in research worked at the most prestigious institutes of the period and enjoyed more career mobility than women researchers would experience again for several decades. Florence Sabin, an anatomist at the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research noted for her research on the lymphatic system, is one important example. This encouraging beginning, however, was not to be followed by other successes for many decades. To have maintained an active role in research institutions, women would have had to share some of the decision-making power: they needed to be part of hiring, promotion, and funding decisions. Unfortunately, these early women scientists were excluded from the power structure of scientific research. As a result, they found it almost impossible to provide opportunities for a younger set of female colleagues seeking employment in a research setting, to foster their productivity and facilitate their career mobility, and eventually to allow them access to the top ranks.

Even those with very high professional aspirations accepted subordinate status as assistants if doing so seemed necessary to gain access to research positions—and too often these were the only positions offered to them in their chosen careers. Time and again they pulled back from offering any real resistance or challenge to the organizational structure that barred their advancement. But we must remember that these women scientists were few in number, their participation in decision-making positions was virtually nil, and their political clout was minimal. Thus, they could easily become highly visible targets for elimination from the staff, especially if their behavior was judged in this least imprudent.

Women’s awareness that they were unequal colleagues, included in professional settings only on the sufferance of male colleagues, who held the positions of power, conflicted with their belief in meritocracy. They wanted to believe that achieving persons would be welcomed for their abilities and contributions. Yet they were surrounded by evidence to the contrary. An assistant professor of zoology observed that the men who were heads of departments were insistent on having other men in the department; they told her that women ought to be satisfied teaching high school. She relates that, during her ten years in the department, men were given at least six positions that she was qualified for and wanted desperately, but for which she was not even considered because she was a woman.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to _____?

Explain a situation

2. The passage as a whole suggest that "career mobility" means the____?

Ability to advance in one's chosen field

3. The statement that women could be eliminated from their jobs if their behavior was "the least imprudent" suggests primarily that they ____?

Were judged by a standard different from the one used to Judge their male colleagues

4. The last paragraph of the passage suggests that for majority of women scientists, the "belief in meritocracy" was _____?

Inconsistent with the fact that they were discriminated against on the job

5. The example of the assistant professor of zoology serves primarily to indicate the ____?

Extent of male bias against women in scientific fields at a particular form

Explanation

Passage

There is a proverb: "Cleanliness is next to godliness." If we keep our bodies clean, we can guard against germs, bacteria, and viruses. The spray of insecticides can destroy insects like flies, mosquitoes, and bugs etc. The parks and other public places have become dirty because we neglect cleanliness. The black granules of smoke cause another threat to the cleanliness of our homes. Cleanliness is the first step to reach Heaven. If we become sincerely serious and want to get rid of many diseases, we will have to keep clean not only our body, our surroundings but also our inner thoughts.

It is a fact that the change takes place in our inner self, but the tragedy is that we have many skins covering the depths of our inner self. We know so many things, but do not know ourselves.

1. According to the text, how can we save ourselves from diseases?

By keeping ourselves clean

2. What is the job of the insecticide?

Eliminate insects

3. Black granules are _____?

Specks of smoke

4. According to the next, cleanliness is _____?

Mandatory for health

5. Tragedy means a/an ____?

Misfortune

6. What is the theme of the text?

Cleanliness is useful for both body and soul

Explanation

Passage

The press has become a great power. It plays a very important role in the political life of a country. It can change the fate of a country. With the spread of education, newspapers have become an important part of our life.

The newspapers play a very important role in our national life. They keep us informed about national and international events. We know what is happening in our country. They tell us about new discoveries and inventions. They tell us about crimes. They inform us about weather conditions.

There are different columns in newspapers. They identify our social and national problems. There are columns for sports, fashion, showbiz and cultural activities. These activities are the main parts of newspapers.

Newspapers change the public opinion. It is necessary for the newspapers to present true news and information to the people. They should work for the reformation of society. Newspaper can bring the society together on one platform.

1. Print media has become _____ in our country.

A great power

2. Press plays an important role in _____?

National life

3. Newspapers have become important because of ____?

Spread of education

4. Newspapers keep us _____?

Informed

5. Columns identify _____?

Problems

6. Newspapers change _____?

Public opinion

7. Reformation means _____?

Improvement

Explanation

Passage

Education is very necessary for every child, whether boy or girl. It helps a person study new things with skill and learn about the facts of the world. Education plays an important role in the protection of women's rights. It also helps to prevent discrimination based on gender. Education increases productivity in their work. An educated woman has skills, information, talent, and self-confidence that make her a better mother, employee, and resident of the country. Women constitute almost half of our population. Men and women are like two aspects of a coin. Thus, they need equal opportunities to contribute to the development of the country. Both cannot survive without each other.

1. An educated woman has skills, information, talent, and self-confidence that make her a better ______, employee, and resident of the country.

Mother

2. Education is a/an _____?

Noun

3. _____ helps to prevent discrimination based on gender.

Education

Explanation

Passage

Although not the longest river in America, the Rio Grande is one of the most important. But, unlike other significant rivers, it is not used for shipping. In fact, oceangoing ships cannot navigate the waters. No, what makes the Rio Grande so important is its location. Since 1846, it has been the official border of Texas and Mexico.

Longest is a/an _____?

Adjective

Rio Grande is at the border of ______?

Texas and Mexico

In which country is Rio Grande?

America