Explanation

Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

It is important for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.

Explanation

Origin of species using Natural Selection was the work of Charles Darwin.

It was published on 24 November 1859,

..

Charles Darwin's discoveries included.

four different species of giant ground sloth (some of the largest land mammals ever to have lived), a gomphothere,

and the remains of an extinct horse.

ND16-8-2023

Explanation

Cytosine does not form a bond with adenine because its hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are not complementary.

Cytosine typically forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine, whereas adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine.

The patterns of hydrogen bonding in cytosine and adenine do not match, preventing the formation of a stable pair.

Explanation

The statement that tropical rainforests accumulate more organic matter on the forest floor than temperate grasslands is incorrect.

In reality, the decomposition rate in tropical rainforests is so rapid due to high temperatures and humidity that organic matter does not accumulate significantly on the forest floor.

In contrast, temperate grasslands may accumulate more organic matter over time due to slower decomposition rates caused by cooler temperatures and seasonal variations.

Explanation

When crossing an organism with genotype Aa (heterozygous) with one that has genotype aa (homozygous recessive), the offspring can inherit either the A or a allele from the Aa parent and only the a allele from the aa parent.

This results in a 1:1 ratio of genotypes, with half of the offspring being Aa (heterozygous) and the other half being aa (homozygous recessive).

The incorrect ratio of "1/2 Az & 1/2 aa" mentioned in the question is likely a typo.

Explanation

The statement that Cycas have vessel elements in their xylem is incorrect.

Cycas, like other gymnosperms, do not have vessel elements; instead, they have tracheids for water conduction.

Vessel elements are a characteristic of angiosperms (flowering plants).

Cycas are gymnosperms and produce seeds, but they do not form flowers, and their leaves are typically pinnately compound.

Explanation

The body wall of sponges is composed of two main layers: the pinacoderm and the choanoderm.

The pinacoderm is the outermost layer, made up of flat cells called pinacocytes, which cover the external surface of the sponge.

Explanation

The nucleolus is the site within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and combined with proteins to form ribosome subunits.

Explanation

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size by applying an electric field to a gel matrix.

Explanation

Promoter sites are specific DNA sequences where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription, the process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into RNA.